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Y levels from this decade, not 2013.

Diamonds want the bottom. Iron has a mountain habit. Ancient debris is a Nether problem at about Y 15.

  • Coal

    Overworld · best Y 96

    A second, even band runs from Y 136 up through mountains. A stone pick is enough.

    Y -64Y 0 to 320Y 320

  • Iron

    Overworld · best Y 16, or Y 232 in mountains

    The useful underground band peaks at Y 16. Tall mountains have a much denser band peaking near Y 232.

    Y -64Y −64 to 320Y 320

  • Copper

    Overworld · best Y 48

    Dripstone caves grow bigger blobs. Stone pick or better.

    Y -64Y −16 to 112Y 320

  • Gold

    Overworld · best Y −16

    Badlands add a lot more gold between Y 32 and Y 256. Nether gold ore is a different block and is common across the Nether.

    Y -64Y −64 to 32Y 320

  • Diamond

    Overworld · best Y −59

    More common as you go down. Air-exposed diamonds are rarer, so a branch mine beats wandering a cave. Deepslate replaces stone below Y 0.

    Y -64Y −64 to 16Y 320

  • Ancient debris

    Nether · best Y 15

    The Nether, not the Overworld. The dense band is around Y 15. Beds or TNT are the usual way to clear it. Don’t do that next to your portal.

    Y 0Y 8 to 119Y 127

The bar is the band where that ore can show up. The mark is the Y people actually dig. Press F3 on Java, or turn on Show Coordinates on Bedrock. The trip that uses the diamond line is the starter checklist.